By the middle of the century, the working-age population is projected to decrease by 16 million people globally. European countries, Japan, and China face significant declines, with China expecting a staggering decrease of 216 million people. In contrast, the United States and Australia are set to experience an increase in their working-age population, with a rise of 8 and 3 million people, respectively.

Countries like India, Nigeria, and Pakistan are anticipated to see the most substantial growth in the working-age population, with India leading with an increase of 147 million people. The growth is mainly concentrated in Africa and the less affluent regions of Asia, highlighting a shift in demographic trends towards these regions by 2050.